Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 16

Business Law - Essay Example One such case alluded in the article was chosen in 1991 at California in which an engineer named Mark Borough California, Inc. disputed against counseling engineers. These specialists planned a fake lake however its liner fizzled and in this manner a $5 million sum was asserted against the architects. So the designers took the position that the legally binding understanding included the impediment of risk condition that limited their obligation to their charge earned on the undertaking i.e., $67,640 and the preliminary court agreed with the architects. Succeeding cases underwriting ‘LOL’ incorporate Valhal Corp. v. Sullivan Associates, Inc., Union Oil Company of California v. John Brown E&C,., and R1 Associates, Inc., v. Goldberg-Zoino and Associates, Inc. Albeit such cases likewise exist where the case was toppled by the court, for example Ricciardi v. Blunt. This case was settled in New York city in which a house proprietor contested for the disappointment in issue recognizable proof in the water infringement in the storm cellar. The LOL statement obliged the risk of designers for this situation to just a measure of $375 however for this situation the condition was governed to be as invalid as it didn’t involved the alternative for the house proprietor to purchase total security and the provision was given in the investigation report after the examination had been done (Fishman, 2011). The article gave the approaches to expand the odds of authorization of this proviso. It has been introduced that if the proviso hosts been embedded into by gatherings having equivalent solidarity to deal, and its drafting has been explained, it will prompt authorization except if the state law in spite of this condition exist or it has been concluded that the provision implementation had been unconscionable. The article suggests exchange of the LOL condition among the two gatherings. The restriction offered on the risk ought to be evenhanded. The article advertised

Family firm going public Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Family firm opening up to the world - Essay Example The privately-owned company is prospering in many created and creating nations all through the world. It is a specific variety of business that can be all the more obviously comprehended by remembering the possibility of two interconnecting however separate frameworks. The family and the business are two frameworks in that the objectives, needs and assignments of each are not indistinguishable. Due to the vague idea of the interconnection, issues can and do emerge. Strategies for sifting through the jobs and rules for the two frameworks should be intentionally evolved and comprehended (Bogod and Leach, 1999). The benefits of maintaining a privately-run company merit emphasizing. They bear shut likenesses to those voiced by business visionaries for the most part †a sentiment of opportunity, an arrangement of salary and capital, a feeling of inventiveness. Privately-run companies can be a wonderful method to give a living and to relatives to feel by and large compensated for their own penances. Under the best of conditions, the family firm can give a premise to significant and suffering family associations. Despite the fact that there are numerous focal points, the idea of privately-run company isn't liberated from weaknesses. One such inconvenience emerges when the acquirement of capital comes into picture. Few, family firms arrive at this stage, which comes about when the business needs extra funding to proceed with its activities (Sitorus, 2001). Capital is obtained by opening up to the world, generally simultaneous with the presentation of expert management.... alluded to as the essential market and the resulting exchanging as the optional showcase (Monteith, 1995). It is critical to an economy that the two markets work productively. So also, a fluid a straightforward auxiliary market will empower financial specialists to take part in the securities exchange and ought to again expand the accessibility of value capital and lower financial specialists' necessary returns. (Sitorus, 2001) Up to this point restricted obligation was just accessible to constrained organizations, which precluded sole dealers in light of the fact that the organization needed to have at least two investors (Kline, 1994). Numerous brokers go gather this by setting together private constrained organizations, with another individual from the family holding ostensible records of offers to meet all requirements for organization status. They stayed, as a general rule, one individual business. There is presently the chance of constrained obligation for investors organizations. There is no furthest breaking point to the quantity of investors. Some family organizations are sorted out as constrained organizations however others incline toward the familiarity of staying unregistered (Marchisio, 2003). Numerous privately-run companies have been begun this premise and some have developed to extensive size inside this configuration. The primary constraint is that offers can't be made accessible to general society, which confines the organization's capacity to raise extra capital through new offers (Bogod, 1999).By welcoming individuals from the general population to buy in to the business, it appreciates a lot more extensive chances to raise reserves. Opening up to the world additionally gives existing investors more noteworthy liquidity as they would now be able to understand the estimation of their shares by selling them on the open market (Newman, 1985). Since the investors in a family

What Is Reinforcement in Operant Conditioning

What Is Reinforcement in Operant Conditioning Theories Behavioral Psychology Print Positive and Negative Reinforcement in Operant Conditioning How Reinforcement Is Used in Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 21, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 15, 2019 Thomas Barwick / Taxi / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Reinforcement in Psychology Primary and Secondary Types Examples Influences Continuous Reinforcement Partial Reinforcement View All Back To Top One of the many different ways in which people can learn is through a process known as operant conditioning (also known as instrumental conditioning).?? This involves learning through reinforcement or punishment. The type of reinforcement used can play an important role in how quickly a behavior is learned and the overall strength of the resulting response. Understanding Reinforcement in Psychology Reinforcement is a term used in  operant conditioning  to refer to anything that increases the likelihood that a response will occur. Psychologist B.F. Skinner is considered the father of this theory. Note that reinforcement is defined by the effect that it has on behaviorâ€"it increases or strengthens the response.?? For example, reinforcement might involve presenting praise (the reinforcer) immediately after a child puts away her toys (the response). By reinforcing the desired behavior with praise, the child will be more likely to perform the same actions again in the future. Reinforcement can include anything that strengthens or increases a behavior, including specific tangible rewards, events, and situations. In a classroom setting, for example, types of reinforcement might include praise, getting out of unwanted work, token rewards, candy, extra playtime, and fun activities. B.F. Skinner: The Life of Psychologys Radical Behaviorist Primary and Secondary Reinforcement There are two major categories of reinforcement: Primary reinforcement: Primary reinforcement is sometimes referred to as unconditional reinforcement. It occurs naturally and doesnt require learning in order to work. Primary reinforcers often have an evolutionary basis in that they aid in the survival of the species. Examples of primary reinforcers include food, air, sleep, water, and sex. Genetics and experience may also play a role in how reinforcing such things works. For example, while one person might find a certain type of food very rewarding, another person may not like that food at all.Secondary reinforcement:  Secondary reinforcement, also known as conditioned reinforcement, involves stimuli that have become rewarding by being paired with another reinforcing stimulus. For example, when training a dog, praise and treats might be used as primary reinforcers. The sound of a clicker can be associated with the praise and treats until the sound of the clicker itself begins to work as a secondary reinforcer. Types of Reinforcement In operant conditioning, there are two different types of reinforcement. Both of these forms of reinforcement influence behavior, but they do so in different ways. The two types include: Positive reinforcement  involves adding something to increase response, such as giving a bit of candy to a child after she cleans up her room.Negative reinforcement  involves removing something in order to increase response, such as canceling a quiz if students turn in all of their homework for the week. By removing the aversive stimulus (the quiz), the teacher hopes to increase the desired behavior (completing all homework). While these terms involve the words positive and negative, its important to note that Skinner did not utilize these to mean good or bad. Instead, think of what these terms would mean when used mathematically. Positive is the equivalent of a plus sign, meaning something is added to or applied to the situation. Negative is the equivalent of a minus sign, meaning something is removed or subtracted from the situation. Examples of Reinforcement in the Real World Here are a few real-world examples of how reinforcement can be utilized to change a behavior: Examples of Positive Reinforcement During practice for your office softball team, the coach yells out, Great job! after you throw a pitch. Because of this, youre more likely to pitch the ball the same way again. This is an example of positive reinforcement.At work, you exceed your managers sales quota for the month and so you receive a bonus as part of your paycheck. This makes it more likely that you will try to exceed the minimum sales quota again next month. This is another example of positive reinforcement. Examples of Negative Reinforcement You go to your doctor to get your yearly flu shot in order to avoid coming down with the flu. In this case, you are engaging in a behavior (getting a shot) to avoid an aversive stimulus (getting sick). This is an example of negative reinforcement.You slather some aloe vera gel on a sunburn to prevent the burn from hurting. Applying the gel on the burn prevents an aversive outcome (pain), so this is an example of negative reinforcement. Because engaging in the behavior minimizes an aversive outcome, you will be more likely to use aloe vera gel again in the future. This is another example of negative reinforcement.You take acetaminophen to  get rid of a terrible headache. After about 15 or 20 minutes, the pain in your head finally recedes. Because taking the pills allowed you to eliminate an aversive situation, it makes it more likely that you will take the pain pills again in the future to deal with physical pain. This is another example of negative reinforcement. Factors That Influence the Strength of the Response How and when reinforcement is delivered can affect the overall strength of a response. This strength is measured by the persistence, frequency, duration, and accuracy of the response after reinforcement is halted. Continuous Reinforcement In situations when present reinforcement is controlled, such as during training, the timing of when a reinforcer is presented can be manipulated. During the early stages of learning, continuous reinforcement is often used, such as when you first teach your dog a new trick. This  schedule involves reinforcing a response  each and every time it occurs. Partial Reinforcement Once a behavior has been acquired, its often a good idea to switch to a partial reinforcement schedule. The four main types of partial reinforcement are: Fixed-ratio schedules: Reinforcing a behavior after a specific number of responses have occurred.Fixed-interval schedules: Reinforcing a behavior after a specific period of time has elapsed.Variable-ratio schedules: Reinforcing the behavior after an unpredictable number of responses.Variable-interval schedules: Reinforcing the behavior after an unpredictable period of time has elapsed. A Word From Verywell Reinforcement plays a vital role in the operant conditioning process. When used appropriately, reinforcement can be an effective learning tool to encourage desirable behaviors and discourage undesirable ones. Its important to remember that what constitutes reinforcement can vary from one person to another. In a classroom setting, for example, one child may find a treat reinforcing while another might be indifferent to such a reward. In some instances, what is reinforcing might actually come as a surprise. If a child only receives attention from his parents when he is being scolded, that attention can actually reinforce misbehavior. By learning more about how reinforcement works, you can gain a better understanding of how different types of reinforcement contribute to learning and behavior.

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Joining The International Society For Technology - 1082 Words

Joining the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) can offer opportunities to network with a group of people that have similar interest in technology. ISTE is a professional association that can help me strengthen, better yet, build my personal network of professional friendships. This organization, with its many members, has the potential to create opportunities for its members to improve leadership ability and understanding of â€Å"technology usage† in the classroom with students. Through exploration I found press releases and news articles that educated me about the billions of dollars that have been allocated to the Student Support and Academic Enrichment Grants Program (SSAEG), Title IV, Part A of the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA). (Lewis 2016) This is important for technology specialist and users of educational technology, and teachers because they need to know that financial support is being given to help our students have access to various technologies. Yes, ISTE is pushing legislation that will support the things that I may want to do in my classroom. I know in my school, I would like to research this and see if my school might be able to get dollars from this grant to update our equipment. Consequently, membership with ISTE offers opportunities for members to meet mid to high level employees and if I choose to attend a conference I can support ISTE financially with my dollars. If I were ambitious enough, I could enter into some of their contestsShow MoreRelatedThesis Statement For Funding Potential735 Words   |  3 Pages my research has strong funding potential. 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My research h as some unique criteria, (1) most of findings are patentable; (2) applying biological process for the first time to reduce greenhouse gases; (3) applying new technologies (without using any synthetic chemicals) to use CO2 and other greenhouse gases as a beneficial materials for the first time to produce new products; (4) producing new high nutrient rich organic fertilizers and pesticides, which ultimately protectRead MoreEssay on Professional Organizations Associations1070 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s society it is not always what you know, but who you know. It is never a bad idea to join a professional organization and or association. The key is to find the right one for you and your needs. According to ask.com, â€Å"A professional organization is formed to disseminate information and unite people who share the same occupation or common interests.† Professional Organizations can also be classified as any social arrangement that has the same aims, aspirations, an d goals. A professionalRead MoreThe Role Of Women Judges On International Courts And Tribunals962 Words   |  4 PagesAssociate Professor and Deputy Director of the Center for International and Comparative Law at the University of Baltimore School of Law, where she teaches public international law topics and conflict of laws. Her most recent scholarship, published in the American Journal of International Law and forthcoming in the Virginia Journal of International Law, examines the causes of and possible solutions for the paucity of women judges on international courts and tribunals. She has presented her work atRead MoreEssay on Winners and Losers in Globalization598 Words   |  3 Pages Globalization is an increasingly close international integration of markets for goods, services and factors of production, labor and capital. Right after the World War II, the world has witnessed a spread of markets and multilateral development from which no country can operate independently. This multi-dimensional process has different impacts on different countries, depending on the level of economic development and political influence, and it has both positive and negative consequences for humanRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pagesmake laws, which controls the way one acts within society. More or less, that s enough power to change the way people behave, however, most people aren t angels. So, the first 3 articles were established to give government power, but with certain requirements in order to prevent one branch from exerting to o much power as if they were leaders. The rise of informational technology and the ease of transportation that exits in a post-industrial society has led to an increase in human trafficking in theRead MoreVodafone’s Strategies in the Indian Market1163 Words   |  5 PagesProject Outline – YM Vodafone’s strategies in the Indian Market ABSTRACT Global corporations have been vastly and quickly shifting their products/services into emerging markets around the world. With the advancements in technology, faster communication and easier channels to reach the consumer, barriers and country borders seem very faint. Although there has been numerous success storied of MNE’s crossing oceans and achieving success overseas, there are numerous considerations, assessments andRead MoreNear Earth Object Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesTopic #2: Near-Earth Objects Though not mentioned in the news and talks of society, near-earth objects (NEOs) are an international threat for countries worldwide. A NEO is a meteoroid, asteroid, or comet pushed by the gravitational attraction of nearby planets, potentially entering the earths orbit and thereby pose a danger of collision. Space agencies around the world express the universal outlook that NEOs must be somehow controlled or mitigated in their magnitude of impact. Austria, along withRead MoreU.s. National Security Strategy1472 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Strong and sustained American leadership is essential to a rules-based international order that promotes global security and prosperity as well as the dignity and human rights of all peoples.† This statement from the most recent U.S. National Security Strategy indicates that the White House administration acknowledges the current international order is shaped constitutionally, or is â€Å"rule-based.† Globalization has made states a nd individuals increasingly interdependent and interconnected. GlobalizationRead MoreSummary On The International Society For The Suppression Of Savage Practices762 Words   |  4 Pagesrt that Kurtz presented to The International Society for the Suppression of Savage Practices. Use rhetorical devices to appeal to the expectations and values of the intended audience. Make sure that it is â€Å"vibrating with eloquence,† is a beautiful piece of writing† and that â€Å"the peroration (is Magnificient.†) The inhabitants of Africa have sparked my curiosity with their unusual actions and supposed incredulity towards our benevolent race. As such I have monitored the behaviour and actions of

Globalization and developing countries Free Essays

Globalization is supposed to be good for all, either developing states or developed states. However, there is ever a few semisynthetic side effects that non merely Malaysia can non avoid, but besides every other states that invite globalisation into their fatherland. Globalization has its ain defect, the 1 that affects many states and 1000000s of people all over the universe, economically and financially. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization and developing countries or any similar topic only for you Order Now The anti-globalizers may see this as a manner to halt globalisation from distributing its wings to other portion of the universe by connoting that globalisation promotes nil but poorness and inequality. On the other manus, pro-globalizers think that it really helps the hapless and disagreed with the â€Å"globalization is doing the rich richer and the hapless poorer† statement that the anti-globalizers came up with. Malaysia went through a batch of advancement since the epoch of globalisation. We ‘ve improved so much from the economic, politic, societal and cultural point of position. It is said that globalisation is a menace to our local civilization and that it will one twenty-four hours be trample by the planetary ‘consumer ‘ civilization introduced by the progress engineering. But there is no 100 per centum truth in it as civilization lives in the bosom and upbringing of people, non in the engineering. Equally long as people hold on tightly to their belief and the sense of integrity in each races and in between races are strong, nil could perchance bust up people ‘s sense of community and societal solidarity, non even globalisation. Sadly, in order to derive what we have now, our ecosystem has been badly damaged due to over development of delicate natural resources such as wood and piscaries. Although the Malaysia authorities has enforced several Torahs to protect our cherished hoarded wealth, but the greed of human existences to remain in front and to go financially powerful has blinded their sight to see what they are making towards our ecosystem. This proved that globalisation comes with a really expensive monetary value to pay. The chief job of globalisation that cause people to believe of it as a ‘beast ‘ alternatively of ‘beauty ‘ is the unstable planetary fiscal system which affected hapless states the most, go forthing them burdened with unsustainable debt. As we know, globalisation raises everyone ‘s criterion of life. Life to those with low rewards will go less low-cost and much more suffering. Government must endeavor for efficiency and seek to happen a remedy to this planetary ‘disease ‘ that the undeveloped state has been enduring for ages. Globalization should be the unstoppable force for development, supplying people with a comfy, modern yet healthy life, non the other manner around. In Malaysia, globalisation can be clearly seen in the urban country such as Kuala Lumpur. The cost of life in Kuala Lumpur is so high that people have to work excess hard in order to maintain up with the violently fast gait and at that place used to be people who lived in a h omesteader houses. Then, it was demolished by the authorities, and the homesteader occupants were provided with a low cost lodging. This shows that globalisation works both manner and the authorities is responsible for keeping the security and economic public assistance of their citizens. Globalization should non be position as a menace or ‘hidden enemy ‘ but it should be see as a ladder to mount up to the top of a more sophisticated political alterations, more stable economic position and more advanced engineering that will better our societal and civilization. Although it causes widespread of wretchedness, upset and unrest, but it besides provides people with a new markets and wealth. Therefore, globalisation can be said act as a accelerator to development and find in one successful state. The most of import is that states be given the right and infinite to reexamine the impact of globalisation and make up one’s mind for themselves which facets are good for future usage and which facets should be ignore. Bettering our apprehension of globalisation will assist us to come up with an elixir that aimed at both alleviation and the causes of it. There are many policies that can profit all people, either developing or developed states, therefore, supplyi ng globalisation with the popular legitimacy that it presently lacks. Globalization is non inalterable as it is comprises of a policies and a set of constructs created by human existences and therefore it can be modified, re conceptualized and altered to suits the demand of our state. We can believe of globalisation as medium of conveyance, a boat that has many riders on board, which represents different states. Everyone has the same end which is to make the port, but due to several ineluctable jobs, non all riders managed to make the port. Every state sit the globalisation ‘s moving ridges, but non all succeeded in going the universe leader as each state has a different gait to catch the globalisation ‘s current. Changes of globalisation from several sectors are bind together in really complex mode, doing it instead hard to sum up all the positives and negatives effects. Overall, globalisation has done a enormous occupation in Malaysia, doing us one of the successful universe leaders. Globalization has tremendous potency and every bit long as it is decently managed, it will impact all parties involved. How to cite Globalization and developing countries, Essay examples

Frank Sinatra The Very Best free essay sample

Frank Sinatra: The Very BestFrank Sinatra is an icon of American culture, with his music heard around the world. It is not common, though, to find teens today who have had an opportunity to appreciate the excellent music of Frank Sinatra.Recently, I added a newer CD (produced in 1997) to my collection. It is called The Very Best and that it is. Included on the two CDs are some of my favorites, including The way you look tonight, Fly me to the moon, They cant take that away from me, My kind of town, My way and Put your dreams away. In all, the CD has 20 songs, with 10 on each disk. If you are a teen and like rap, rock, RB, house and even some oldies, then you are a lot like me. When given the chance to listen to Sinatra, do it. You will not regret it, and yes, even though Frank Sinatra is now gone, his spirit lives on in his music. We will write a custom essay sample on Frank Sinatra: The Very Best or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His music is very inspiring, combining pieces of jazz, orchestra, swing and his incredible vocal ability. Altogether, when listening to his songs, it makes me think of a better time, plus its a good escape when youre sick of listening to Busta Rhymes or DMX. The funny thing about all of Sinatras music is that there is not one song he sings that will not match the feeling you have at the time. In many ways, his music is extremely relaxing, but dont worry about falling asleep. Every now and then, especially during a slower beat song, the orchestra throws in an extra big bang. I would suggest trying it, even if you are skeptical. You never know, you might like him as much as I do.