Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 16

Business Law - Essay Example One such case alluded in the article was chosen in 1991 at California in which an engineer named Mark Borough California, Inc. disputed against counseling engineers. These specialists planned a fake lake however its liner fizzled and in this manner a $5 million sum was asserted against the architects. So the designers took the position that the legally binding understanding included the impediment of risk condition that limited their obligation to their charge earned on the undertaking i.e., $67,640 and the preliminary court agreed with the architects. Succeeding cases underwriting ‘LOL’ incorporate Valhal Corp. v. Sullivan Associates, Inc., Union Oil Company of California v. John Brown E&C,., and R1 Associates, Inc., v. Goldberg-Zoino and Associates, Inc. Albeit such cases likewise exist where the case was toppled by the court, for example Ricciardi v. Blunt. This case was settled in New York city in which a house proprietor contested for the disappointment in issue recognizable proof in the water infringement in the storm cellar. The LOL statement obliged the risk of designers for this situation to just a measure of $375 however for this situation the condition was governed to be as invalid as it didn’t involved the alternative for the house proprietor to purchase total security and the provision was given in the investigation report after the examination had been done (Fishman, 2011). The article gave the approaches to expand the odds of authorization of this proviso. It has been introduced that if the proviso hosts been embedded into by gatherings having equivalent solidarity to deal, and its drafting has been explained, it will prompt authorization except if the state law in spite of this condition exist or it has been concluded that the provision implementation had been unconscionable. The article suggests exchange of the LOL condition among the two gatherings. The restriction offered on the risk ought to be evenhanded. The article advertised

Family firm going public Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Family firm opening up to the world - Essay Example The privately-owned company is prospering in many created and creating nations all through the world. It is a specific variety of business that can be all the more obviously comprehended by remembering the possibility of two interconnecting however separate frameworks. The family and the business are two frameworks in that the objectives, needs and assignments of each are not indistinguishable. Due to the vague idea of the interconnection, issues can and do emerge. Strategies for sifting through the jobs and rules for the two frameworks should be intentionally evolved and comprehended (Bogod and Leach, 1999). The benefits of maintaining a privately-run company merit emphasizing. They bear shut likenesses to those voiced by business visionaries for the most part †a sentiment of opportunity, an arrangement of salary and capital, a feeling of inventiveness. Privately-run companies can be a wonderful method to give a living and to relatives to feel by and large compensated for their own penances. Under the best of conditions, the family firm can give a premise to significant and suffering family associations. Despite the fact that there are numerous focal points, the idea of privately-run company isn't liberated from weaknesses. One such inconvenience emerges when the acquirement of capital comes into picture. Few, family firms arrive at this stage, which comes about when the business needs extra funding to proceed with its activities (Sitorus, 2001). Capital is obtained by opening up to the world, generally simultaneous with the presentation of expert management.... alluded to as the essential market and the resulting exchanging as the optional showcase (Monteith, 1995). It is critical to an economy that the two markets work productively. So also, a fluid a straightforward auxiliary market will empower financial specialists to take part in the securities exchange and ought to again expand the accessibility of value capital and lower financial specialists' necessary returns. (Sitorus, 2001) Up to this point restricted obligation was just accessible to constrained organizations, which precluded sole dealers in light of the fact that the organization needed to have at least two investors (Kline, 1994). Numerous brokers go gather this by setting together private constrained organizations, with another individual from the family holding ostensible records of offers to meet all requirements for organization status. They stayed, as a general rule, one individual business. There is presently the chance of constrained obligation for investors organizations. There is no furthest breaking point to the quantity of investors. Some family organizations are sorted out as constrained organizations however others incline toward the familiarity of staying unregistered (Marchisio, 2003). Numerous privately-run companies have been begun this premise and some have developed to extensive size inside this configuration. The primary constraint is that offers can't be made accessible to general society, which confines the organization's capacity to raise extra capital through new offers (Bogod, 1999).By welcoming individuals from the general population to buy in to the business, it appreciates a lot more extensive chances to raise reserves. Opening up to the world additionally gives existing investors more noteworthy liquidity as they would now be able to understand the estimation of their shares by selling them on the open market (Newman, 1985). Since the investors in a family

What Is Reinforcement in Operant Conditioning

What Is Reinforcement in Operant Conditioning Theories Behavioral Psychology Print Positive and Negative Reinforcement in Operant Conditioning How Reinforcement Is Used in Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 21, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 15, 2019 Thomas Barwick / Taxi / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Reinforcement in Psychology Primary and Secondary Types Examples Influences Continuous Reinforcement Partial Reinforcement View All Back To Top One of the many different ways in which people can learn is through a process known as operant conditioning (also known as instrumental conditioning).?? This involves learning through reinforcement or punishment. The type of reinforcement used can play an important role in how quickly a behavior is learned and the overall strength of the resulting response. Understanding Reinforcement in Psychology Reinforcement is a term used in  operant conditioning  to refer to anything that increases the likelihood that a response will occur. Psychologist B.F. Skinner is considered the father of this theory. Note that reinforcement is defined by the effect that it has on behaviorâ€"it increases or strengthens the response.?? For example, reinforcement might involve presenting praise (the reinforcer) immediately after a child puts away her toys (the response). By reinforcing the desired behavior with praise, the child will be more likely to perform the same actions again in the future. Reinforcement can include anything that strengthens or increases a behavior, including specific tangible rewards, events, and situations. In a classroom setting, for example, types of reinforcement might include praise, getting out of unwanted work, token rewards, candy, extra playtime, and fun activities. B.F. Skinner: The Life of Psychologys Radical Behaviorist Primary and Secondary Reinforcement There are two major categories of reinforcement: Primary reinforcement: Primary reinforcement is sometimes referred to as unconditional reinforcement. It occurs naturally and doesnt require learning in order to work. Primary reinforcers often have an evolutionary basis in that they aid in the survival of the species. Examples of primary reinforcers include food, air, sleep, water, and sex. Genetics and experience may also play a role in how reinforcing such things works. For example, while one person might find a certain type of food very rewarding, another person may not like that food at all.Secondary reinforcement:  Secondary reinforcement, also known as conditioned reinforcement, involves stimuli that have become rewarding by being paired with another reinforcing stimulus. For example, when training a dog, praise and treats might be used as primary reinforcers. The sound of a clicker can be associated with the praise and treats until the sound of the clicker itself begins to work as a secondary reinforcer. Types of Reinforcement In operant conditioning, there are two different types of reinforcement. Both of these forms of reinforcement influence behavior, but they do so in different ways. The two types include: Positive reinforcement  involves adding something to increase response, such as giving a bit of candy to a child after she cleans up her room.Negative reinforcement  involves removing something in order to increase response, such as canceling a quiz if students turn in all of their homework for the week. By removing the aversive stimulus (the quiz), the teacher hopes to increase the desired behavior (completing all homework). While these terms involve the words positive and negative, its important to note that Skinner did not utilize these to mean good or bad. Instead, think of what these terms would mean when used mathematically. Positive is the equivalent of a plus sign, meaning something is added to or applied to the situation. Negative is the equivalent of a minus sign, meaning something is removed or subtracted from the situation. Examples of Reinforcement in the Real World Here are a few real-world examples of how reinforcement can be utilized to change a behavior: Examples of Positive Reinforcement During practice for your office softball team, the coach yells out, Great job! after you throw a pitch. Because of this, youre more likely to pitch the ball the same way again. This is an example of positive reinforcement.At work, you exceed your managers sales quota for the month and so you receive a bonus as part of your paycheck. This makes it more likely that you will try to exceed the minimum sales quota again next month. This is another example of positive reinforcement. Examples of Negative Reinforcement You go to your doctor to get your yearly flu shot in order to avoid coming down with the flu. In this case, you are engaging in a behavior (getting a shot) to avoid an aversive stimulus (getting sick). This is an example of negative reinforcement.You slather some aloe vera gel on a sunburn to prevent the burn from hurting. Applying the gel on the burn prevents an aversive outcome (pain), so this is an example of negative reinforcement. Because engaging in the behavior minimizes an aversive outcome, you will be more likely to use aloe vera gel again in the future. This is another example of negative reinforcement.You take acetaminophen to  get rid of a terrible headache. After about 15 or 20 minutes, the pain in your head finally recedes. Because taking the pills allowed you to eliminate an aversive situation, it makes it more likely that you will take the pain pills again in the future to deal with physical pain. This is another example of negative reinforcement. Factors That Influence the Strength of the Response How and when reinforcement is delivered can affect the overall strength of a response. This strength is measured by the persistence, frequency, duration, and accuracy of the response after reinforcement is halted. Continuous Reinforcement In situations when present reinforcement is controlled, such as during training, the timing of when a reinforcer is presented can be manipulated. During the early stages of learning, continuous reinforcement is often used, such as when you first teach your dog a new trick. This  schedule involves reinforcing a response  each and every time it occurs. Partial Reinforcement Once a behavior has been acquired, its often a good idea to switch to a partial reinforcement schedule. The four main types of partial reinforcement are: Fixed-ratio schedules: Reinforcing a behavior after a specific number of responses have occurred.Fixed-interval schedules: Reinforcing a behavior after a specific period of time has elapsed.Variable-ratio schedules: Reinforcing the behavior after an unpredictable number of responses.Variable-interval schedules: Reinforcing the behavior after an unpredictable period of time has elapsed. A Word From Verywell Reinforcement plays a vital role in the operant conditioning process. When used appropriately, reinforcement can be an effective learning tool to encourage desirable behaviors and discourage undesirable ones. Its important to remember that what constitutes reinforcement can vary from one person to another. In a classroom setting, for example, one child may find a treat reinforcing while another might be indifferent to such a reward. In some instances, what is reinforcing might actually come as a surprise. If a child only receives attention from his parents when he is being scolded, that attention can actually reinforce misbehavior. By learning more about how reinforcement works, you can gain a better understanding of how different types of reinforcement contribute to learning and behavior.

French Adverbs of Manner

Joining The International Society For Technology - 1082 Words

Joining the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) can offer opportunities to network with a group of people that have similar interest in technology. ISTE is a professional association that can help me strengthen, better yet, build my personal network of professional friendships. This organization, with its many members, has the potential to create opportunities for its members to improve leadership ability and understanding of â€Å"technology usage† in the classroom with students. Through exploration I found press releases and news articles that educated me about the billions of dollars that have been allocated to the Student Support and Academic Enrichment Grants Program (SSAEG), Title IV, Part A of the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA). (Lewis 2016) This is important for technology specialist and users of educational technology, and teachers because they need to know that financial support is being given to help our students have access to various technologies. Yes, ISTE is pushing legislation that will support the things that I may want to do in my classroom. I know in my school, I would like to research this and see if my school might be able to get dollars from this grant to update our equipment. Consequently, membership with ISTE offers opportunities for members to meet mid to high level employees and if I choose to attend a conference I can support ISTE financially with my dollars. If I were ambitious enough, I could enter into some of their contestsShow MoreRelatedThesis Statement For Funding Potential735 Words   |  3 Pages my research has strong funding potential. My research has some unique criteria, (1) most of findings are patentable; (2) all products are organic; (3) applying biological process for the first time to reduce greenhouse gases; (3) applying new technologies to use CO2 and other greenhouse gases as a beneficial materials for the first time to produce new products; (4) producing new high nutrient rich organic fertilizers and pesticides, which ultimately protect the environment by eliminating the harmfulRead MoreFunding Potential Of Research804 Words   |  4 Pagescommercial value and sustainable, my research has strong funding potential. My research h as some unique criteria, (1) most of findings are patentable; (2) applying biological process for the first time to reduce greenhouse gases; (3) applying new technologies (without using any synthetic chemicals) to use CO2 and other greenhouse gases as a beneficial materials for the first time to produce new products; (4) producing new high nutrient rich organic fertilizers and pesticides, which ultimately protectRead MoreEssay on Professional Organizations Associations1070 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s society it is not always what you know, but who you know. It is never a bad idea to join a professional organization and or association. The key is to find the right one for you and your needs. According to ask.com, â€Å"A professional organization is formed to disseminate information and unite people who share the same occupation or common interests.† Professional Organizations can also be classified as any social arrangement that has the same aims, aspirations, an d goals. A professionalRead MoreThe Role Of Women Judges On International Courts And Tribunals962 Words   |  4 PagesAssociate Professor and Deputy Director of the Center for International and Comparative Law at the University of Baltimore School of Law, where she teaches public international law topics and conflict of laws. Her most recent scholarship, published in the American Journal of International Law and forthcoming in the Virginia Journal of International Law, examines the causes of and possible solutions for the paucity of women judges on international courts and tribunals. She has presented her work atRead MoreEssay on Winners and Losers in Globalization598 Words   |  3 Pages Globalization is an increasingly close international integration of markets for goods, services and factors of production, labor and capital. Right after the World War II, the world has witnessed a spread of markets and multilateral development from which no country can operate independently. This multi-dimensional process has different impacts on different countries, depending on the level of economic development and political influence, and it has both positive and negative consequences for humanRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pagesmake laws, which controls the way one acts within society. More or less, that s enough power to change the way people behave, however, most people aren t angels. So, the first 3 articles were established to give government power, but with certain requirements in order to prevent one branch from exerting to o much power as if they were leaders. The rise of informational technology and the ease of transportation that exits in a post-industrial society has led to an increase in human trafficking in theRead MoreVodafone’s Strategies in the Indian Market1163 Words   |  5 PagesProject Outline – YM Vodafone’s strategies in the Indian Market ABSTRACT Global corporations have been vastly and quickly shifting their products/services into emerging markets around the world. With the advancements in technology, faster communication and easier channels to reach the consumer, barriers and country borders seem very faint. Although there has been numerous success storied of MNE’s crossing oceans and achieving success overseas, there are numerous considerations, assessments andRead MoreNear Earth Object Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesTopic #2: Near-Earth Objects Though not mentioned in the news and talks of society, near-earth objects (NEOs) are an international threat for countries worldwide. A NEO is a meteoroid, asteroid, or comet pushed by the gravitational attraction of nearby planets, potentially entering the earths orbit and thereby pose a danger of collision. Space agencies around the world express the universal outlook that NEOs must be somehow controlled or mitigated in their magnitude of impact. Austria, along withRead MoreU.s. National Security Strategy1472 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Strong and sustained American leadership is essential to a rules-based international order that promotes global security and prosperity as well as the dignity and human rights of all peoples.† This statement from the most recent U.S. National Security Strategy indicates that the White House administration acknowledges the current international order is shaped constitutionally, or is â€Å"rule-based.† Globalization has made states a nd individuals increasingly interdependent and interconnected. GlobalizationRead MoreSummary On The International Society For The Suppression Of Savage Practices762 Words   |  4 Pagesrt that Kurtz presented to The International Society for the Suppression of Savage Practices. Use rhetorical devices to appeal to the expectations and values of the intended audience. Make sure that it is â€Å"vibrating with eloquence,† is a beautiful piece of writing† and that â€Å"the peroration (is Magnificient.†) The inhabitants of Africa have sparked my curiosity with their unusual actions and supposed incredulity towards our benevolent race. As such I have monitored the behaviour and actions of

Globalization and developing countries Free Essays

Globalization is supposed to be good for all, either developing states or developed states. However, there is ever a few semisynthetic side effects that non merely Malaysia can non avoid, but besides every other states that invite globalisation into their fatherland. Globalization has its ain defect, the 1 that affects many states and 1000000s of people all over the universe, economically and financially. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization and developing countries or any similar topic only for you Order Now The anti-globalizers may see this as a manner to halt globalisation from distributing its wings to other portion of the universe by connoting that globalisation promotes nil but poorness and inequality. On the other manus, pro-globalizers think that it really helps the hapless and disagreed with the â€Å"globalization is doing the rich richer and the hapless poorer† statement that the anti-globalizers came up with. Malaysia went through a batch of advancement since the epoch of globalisation. We ‘ve improved so much from the economic, politic, societal and cultural point of position. It is said that globalisation is a menace to our local civilization and that it will one twenty-four hours be trample by the planetary ‘consumer ‘ civilization introduced by the progress engineering. But there is no 100 per centum truth in it as civilization lives in the bosom and upbringing of people, non in the engineering. Equally long as people hold on tightly to their belief and the sense of integrity in each races and in between races are strong, nil could perchance bust up people ‘s sense of community and societal solidarity, non even globalisation. Sadly, in order to derive what we have now, our ecosystem has been badly damaged due to over development of delicate natural resources such as wood and piscaries. Although the Malaysia authorities has enforced several Torahs to protect our cherished hoarded wealth, but the greed of human existences to remain in front and to go financially powerful has blinded their sight to see what they are making towards our ecosystem. This proved that globalisation comes with a really expensive monetary value to pay. The chief job of globalisation that cause people to believe of it as a ‘beast ‘ alternatively of ‘beauty ‘ is the unstable planetary fiscal system which affected hapless states the most, go forthing them burdened with unsustainable debt. As we know, globalisation raises everyone ‘s criterion of life. Life to those with low rewards will go less low-cost and much more suffering. Government must endeavor for efficiency and seek to happen a remedy to this planetary ‘disease ‘ that the undeveloped state has been enduring for ages. Globalization should be the unstoppable force for development, supplying people with a comfy, modern yet healthy life, non the other manner around. In Malaysia, globalisation can be clearly seen in the urban country such as Kuala Lumpur. The cost of life in Kuala Lumpur is so high that people have to work excess hard in order to maintain up with the violently fast gait and at that place used to be people who lived in a h omesteader houses. Then, it was demolished by the authorities, and the homesteader occupants were provided with a low cost lodging. This shows that globalisation works both manner and the authorities is responsible for keeping the security and economic public assistance of their citizens. Globalization should non be position as a menace or ‘hidden enemy ‘ but it should be see as a ladder to mount up to the top of a more sophisticated political alterations, more stable economic position and more advanced engineering that will better our societal and civilization. Although it causes widespread of wretchedness, upset and unrest, but it besides provides people with a new markets and wealth. Therefore, globalisation can be said act as a accelerator to development and find in one successful state. The most of import is that states be given the right and infinite to reexamine the impact of globalisation and make up one’s mind for themselves which facets are good for future usage and which facets should be ignore. Bettering our apprehension of globalisation will assist us to come up with an elixir that aimed at both alleviation and the causes of it. There are many policies that can profit all people, either developing or developed states, therefore, supplyi ng globalisation with the popular legitimacy that it presently lacks. Globalization is non inalterable as it is comprises of a policies and a set of constructs created by human existences and therefore it can be modified, re conceptualized and altered to suits the demand of our state. We can believe of globalisation as medium of conveyance, a boat that has many riders on board, which represents different states. Everyone has the same end which is to make the port, but due to several ineluctable jobs, non all riders managed to make the port. Every state sit the globalisation ‘s moving ridges, but non all succeeded in going the universe leader as each state has a different gait to catch the globalisation ‘s current. Changes of globalisation from several sectors are bind together in really complex mode, doing it instead hard to sum up all the positives and negatives effects. Overall, globalisation has done a enormous occupation in Malaysia, doing us one of the successful universe leaders. Globalization has tremendous potency and every bit long as it is decently managed, it will impact all parties involved. How to cite Globalization and developing countries, Essay examples

Frank Sinatra The Very Best free essay sample

Frank Sinatra: The Very BestFrank Sinatra is an icon of American culture, with his music heard around the world. It is not common, though, to find teens today who have had an opportunity to appreciate the excellent music of Frank Sinatra.Recently, I added a newer CD (produced in 1997) to my collection. It is called The Very Best and that it is. Included on the two CDs are some of my favorites, including The way you look tonight, Fly me to the moon, They cant take that away from me, My kind of town, My way and Put your dreams away. In all, the CD has 20 songs, with 10 on each disk. If you are a teen and like rap, rock, RB, house and even some oldies, then you are a lot like me. When given the chance to listen to Sinatra, do it. You will not regret it, and yes, even though Frank Sinatra is now gone, his spirit lives on in his music. We will write a custom essay sample on Frank Sinatra: The Very Best or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His music is very inspiring, combining pieces of jazz, orchestra, swing and his incredible vocal ability. Altogether, when listening to his songs, it makes me think of a better time, plus its a good escape when youre sick of listening to Busta Rhymes or DMX. The funny thing about all of Sinatras music is that there is not one song he sings that will not match the feeling you have at the time. In many ways, his music is extremely relaxing, but dont worry about falling asleep. Every now and then, especially during a slower beat song, the orchestra throws in an extra big bang. I would suggest trying it, even if you are skeptical. You never know, you might like him as much as I do.

The BBC and ITV Essay Example

The BBC and ITV Paper Television is certainly one of the most influential forces of our time. Through the device called a television or TV, you are able to receive news, sports, entertainment, information and commercials. Television has change the way we live our lives, from the way we receive the new or manage our money. The television era has made a huge impact and is here to stay. Starting from the small black and white image we used to receive on big wooden boxes to huge, flat, plasma screens. It is a huge improvement in technology and has benefited us from easy access to stock prices and travel information through CEEFAX too the way you can get your bank information on digital. It has been the biggest form of communication before the internet. Recent studies has proved that the internet is taking over the viewings of TV from the way I has 1950-1959 was an exciting time period for television. In the USA, BW television exploded onto the scene at the beginning of the decade, mid-decade saw electronic colour television and remote controls launched, and at the end of the decade the public witnessed some interesting styling changes and the introduction of transistorised television. The toddler was becoming an adolescent. The knowledge of the companies that broadcast our programs is worrying, they know how many people are watching, what class, family numbers and many other useful pieces of information that help them sell advertising information. We will write a custom essay sample on The BBC and ITV specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The BBC and ITV specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The BBC and ITV specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It isnt the broadcasters that research it but larger companies that get this information from questionnaires and a system called BARB. This has brought the television more customers than anything else, they know who is going to be home mid day and who gets home after 7 and have used intelligence to sell there programs. This exploded in the mid 80s where before they wouldnt have the technology to record all of this. The control of the TV has stayed in the BBCs hands; this is understandable as they get the licence fees from all the public who wish to watch the television. The BBC and ITV has help to revolutionise the way we watch terrestrial television it tries to have something for the whole family so they can all watch at the same time, they mix well know childrens presenters with adult issues, this keeps both sides interested! The control of what is seen on the box has changed considerably since the 50s, to think that the Carry on set of films caused an upset to think what they would be saying to the things we are able to see on TV now. It has all become very visual with todays society where sex and social class is on the front line of advertising. It is even certain to say TV has become part of our society, where thousands tune in just to see people with even more problems than them! British companies own our current channels and have done for many years but recently there has been Plans to allow companies from outside Europe to buy UK television and radio stations and will be pushed through despite objections from MPs. As Rupert Murdock is rumoured to wanting to buy channel 5, he owns News corp.

The Dobe Juhoansi essays

The Dobe Juhoansi essays Lee, Richard B., 1993, The Dobe Ju/hoansi. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, (second edition). Bushman: a member of a group of short-statured peoples of southern Africa who traditionally live by hunting and foraging. While the termbushman? has come to be known as both racist and sexist, it is easily the most recognized term when describing the people living amongst the bush of southern Africa. The San, as they are now known as, are a cluster of indigenous peoples of southern Africa who speak a click language and who have a tradition of living by hunting and gathering (10). In the book The Dobe Ju/?hoansi, Richard B. Lee, an anthropologist from the University of Toronto, takes an interesting and in-depth look into the San life by centering his studies on one specific group. Lee's focus of study takes place on the border between the countries of Namibia and Botswana in an area called the Dobe. Here there live a tribe of people known as the Dobe Ju/?hoansi. Lee centers on several important issues of the Ju/?hoansi culture and lifestyle throughout the book. He provides a tremendous amount of information that is broken into twelve chapters that continually draws deeper into the internal thinking of the Ju/?hoansi culture. The method of bringing out this information is delivered first externally with their environment and examples of hunting techniques while moving into deeper issues such as sexuality and religion. Lee also informs the reader on the Ju/?hoansi's kinship, social organization, marriage, as well as conflict, their politics, and social change. Lee begins the case study by providing an interesting lead-in as to the trials and tribulations of locating the Dobe people. I thought that this was an interesting device in order to grasp the reader's attention towards the immense isolation that the Ju/?hoansi remain in. Once contact has been established, Lee delves into covering basic background informati...

An improvement Approach to Quality Education In the United States of Research Proposal

An improvement Approach to Quality Education In the United States of America - Research Proposal Example This essay declares that the common aim of the entire US educational system must be established as the Deming philosophy applied to education suggests that each school in its educational setting is a component of the whole educational system in America and each school is obligated to accomplish the overall aim of the system, rather than focusing exclusively on maximizing its own performance. Otherwise, the effort among schools will be fragmented and the system will be sub-optimized; each and every school must exist to accomplish the common aim – to educate students to be equal American citizens, equal not only in political or social rights but also in educationally determined abilities to be both self-supporting and contributing American citizens. This paper makes a conclusion that the Japanese system did not develop without drawbacks or flaws that have had to be eliminated as the country became able to afford the solutions economically. Nevertheless, the emphasis on co-operation at all levels, a necessity within environments having extremely scarce resources, has contributed tremendously to raising the educational standard of the entire population in Japan. Perhaps for the first time in American experience, resources are becoming scarce and encouraging individuality and competition is incompatible with providing quality education at minimum cost; we must re-evaluate co-operation as a most efficient and cost effective approach to providing quality education equally to all students in American state schools.

Business Ethics In Financial Institutions Essay

Business Ethics In Financial Institutions - Essay Example There is also damage to the business, as well as the employees and consumers who rely on that organization for their livelihood (Fisman & Miguel, 2008). Business ethics have become part of an organization’s foundation. Presently, managers are now well-prepared to deal with and handle situations that come about as a result of moral issues and principles that are part of the financial sector. During the course of everyday life, everybody; consumers to executives, may be affected by business ethics. It is this line of thinking that makes business ethics a crucial element in the handling of everyday business. The code of ethics in every financial sector demands honesty, integrity, and transparency (Huevel et al., 2009). Business ethics are crucial in communicating the core values that are tantamount in the growth and development of society and organizations. Dealing with numbers on a large scale, especially in large corporations, there is always pressure to perform. This may make individuals to try and engage in some unscrupulous activities just to please the organization and stakeholders of the organization. Business ethics, in this case, steps in to ensure that members of an organization have what it takes to handle the pressure and protect the organization’s integrity, and at the same time, offer transparency to the internal and external members of the organization. In truth, business ethics may act as an outside source of guidance, even as there is pressure to perform from every angle in the business spectrum. Ethics may also act as boundaries when it comes to the organization’s culture. When dealing with finances, it becomes rather tricky to always be on the right track. This means that it is a daunting task to protect... These policies act as guides as they contain specific requirements and identify the organization’s expectations of the employees throughout the working process. This leads to a better awareness of the benefits and advantages of having moral principles in everyday business dealings. The environmental factors that surround an organization can also be monitored to ensure that unethical conditions are reduced. A case in point would be the over-competitive nature that people in the organization are exposed to that may lead to unethical behavior. Monitoring such an environment could be of benefit to the growth of ethical standards in the organizations. In conclusion, if firms or organizations are keen on operating a certain way, it is crucial for them to write down moral codes. They need to follow these principles and rules so that they can protect the integrity and honesty of the financial sector. Money is not evil. Rather, it is something that is used to run commercial activities between individuals and organizations. It should not be the cause of all the squabbles and disagreements that are seen on most financial fronts in the world. It may be alright to make a lot of money provided individuals conform to the rules and regulations of the law and society. The disconnection between a firm’s code of ethics and its activities needs to be bridged. This makes it easier to handle the organization’s members, society, and stakeholders as they strive to conquer the international business market.

Assagioli’s Theory of Psychosynthesis

Assagioli’s Theory of Psychosynthesis The I, the Self: Building the Bridge Only the development of his inner powers can offset the dangers inherent in man’s losing control of the tremendous natural forces at his disposal and becoming the victim of his own achievements. —Roberto Assagioli Introduction Therapists use Assagioli’s theory of psychosynthesis to help clients develop a complete and authentic identity that is fully able to access the true Self that pervades all levels of the conscious and unconscious mind. Because it is a common assumption that personality structures form by the time a child is five years old, transforming a fragmented consciousness into a whole identity is often a long and difficult process, especially in cases of severe trauma. This paper seeks to examine this process—in particular, how an individual can develop a new mental field that is freed from the past and oriented toward a hierarchy of values rather than specific affective events. The secondary purpose of this study is to examine which dynamics keep the individual locked into destructive personality patterns that no longer serve them and the solutions this method (psychosynthesis) offers to prospective clients. Soul Trauma More than two thousand years ago, Siddhartha Gautama famously declared that ‘life is suffering.’ Indeed, very few people get through it without suffering some kind of trauma in their formative years. Quite often, these early traumas cause a breach between the personal self (I) and the Self. When this connection is disrupted, the individual feels a palpable threat to his very existence.[1] When a child incurs the wrath of his caretakers, he feels the lack of connection more intensely. Because the caretakers are so instrumental to a child’s survival, the child perceives displeasure as a genuine threat that the caretaker will hurt him or stop fulfilling his needs. The child then becomes sensitized to external threats. This overwhelming sense of a threat is what psychosynthesis theorists refer to as the primal wound that is responsible for the individual’s fall from grace. Before this wound makes its indelible mark upon the soul, the individual has little sense of his own mortality—and the personal self is indistinguishable from the Self. Because this fracture is so painful to the psyche, people will create defence mechanisms to preserve the integrity of their being—even if it means splitting themselves into parts.[2] Shutting oneself off from the wound is tantamount to amputating a gangrene-infested leg—cutting off the poison in order to preserve the whole, even if it means causing it damage. Although this shutting off can contribute to maladaptive conditions later in life, these defence mechanisms help the individual cope in the present. However, when relationships begin to suffer or they are not accomplishing personal objectives, some people are aware that something is fundamentally wrong and seek professional help. The difference between psychosynthesis and traditional psychoanalytic therapy is a lessened emphasis on the past with more of a focus toward reorienting one’s core values; however, prior events a re not completely ignored because it can shed light on the fundamental assumptions governing the client’s life and turn them in a more healthy direction. Repression, Denial, and Splitting In most families, children conform to the rules and will of their parents, partially because it helps them survive and partially because these structures help them define themselves as individuals. However, some people will hold beliefs or thoughts that they know is not acceptable to their family of origin or culture and thus denying that part of themselves or part of the experience in order to retain that sense of belongingness. Causes and symptoms of this split include: a fundamentally weak sense of self, a fragmented consciousness where one’s conceptual map has very few connections, in a clinical setting the therapist can never be certain what the client is thinking or feeling, the client believes that he or she is fundamentally a bad person and that no one could possibly love him or her after personal revelation, etc.[3] These attitudes often originate in clients with a past history of abuse, neglect, or a need to protect family members by creating a persona that is more t o their liking.[4] This mechanism of repression is not without cause, as many people have been killed for deviating from cultural, social, and familial norms. However, in cultures that place great value on individual happiness and finding a purpose that is congruent with one’s gifts and talents, this is a liability, as the individual must discover the S(s)elf before finding his path. Interestingly, some theorists believe that what lies at the root of the problem is not the experience, but the repression of it. ‘Many people evidence the psychological symptom of denial, or psychic numbing. If denial has become a social norm, how can we use social norms to gauge a person’s health or to set appropriate goals in therapy?’[5] The Institute of Psychosynthesis encourages therapists to first build the strength of the ego and discover the personality while avoiding attacks on personal weaknesses, mirroring the client to encourage identification and connectedness, an d possibly integrate the disowned parts of the client.[6] Another approach involves encouraging the client to move to the core of one of the sub-personalities in order to find something that is good—the root of its dysfunction is the non-allowance of the expression—i.e. a high achieving person needs love but cannot ask for it directly, nor can the critical person ask for the security of being in control.[7] In fact, this approach includes treating the sub-personality as one would a person, because distortions are most often found in this realm. ‘Compassion can become pity; love can become dependency; humour can become sarcasm; strength can become rigidity. But the converse is also true, for these qualities can be elevated to or transformed into their essential nature.’[8] Using guided imagery, the therapist can contact each aspect of the individual; help bring its most beneficial aspects to the surface in order to facilitate the re-integration process. The Personal ‘I’: The Story of the ‘Self’ Although the framework for transpersonal experience has existed for thousands of years, it is only within the past fifty years that it has become a respectable method of psychotherapy. Both the Eastern and Western religious traditions support the rediscovery of the Self—the part of the individual that is beyond the personal self even as it includes it. In the West, the Self (or the Soul) is the immortal part that is elevated above the dross of every day life. In the Eastern traditions, the Self is attempting to reintegrate with the Cosmos by having multiple experiences. Native Americans undergo rigorous purification rituals such as body piercing, hours in the sweat lodge, and the Sun Dance in order to induce a trance state and to make contact with the spirit world.[9] In both religion and psychosynthesis, the Self is the culmination of a person’s experiences and attributes. Until Assagioli had come up with the concept, this approach was unutilised by modern psychologist s, as the dominant therapeutic approach was psychoanalysis where therapists and clients will discuss the client’s past and analyse it in order to give the client a greater understanding of himself. While that is a good place to begin the journey of self-discovery, it does not take the client to the point of unification. Traditional psychoanalysis did not include an understanding of this higher Self, simply the tripartite ego structure and the basic drives that motivate humans. Assagioli makes use of Freud’s model as the lower and higher unconscious functions correspond with the id and superego respectively, while the middle unconscious corresponds with Freud’s conception of the ‘preconscious.’[10] He also borrows from Jung’s concepts by including the spiritual realms of the psyche. One practical application therapists may use in their practice is CEIS: Creative Exploration of Inner Space. It is a twelve-step application of Assagioli’s theories that was developed after twenty-seven years of practice.[11] The first step is solitude. The client creates a ‘sacred space’ or an inner sweat lodge to begin his journey inward. Brown argues that this dissociation from the personal identity will lead to objectivity about day-to-day activities and concerns.[12] Solitude is encouraged because individuals have great difficulty maintaining a strong sense of self with pervasive influences such as the media or when significant others (friends, family members, mates) have strong personalities and expect the individual to conform to their idea of what is correct. Next, the therapist will invite the client to relax for five minutes before progressing to the next step, which includes deep reflective thinking upon a subject for ten minutes (this is done in writing). This is followed by receptive thinking, visualization, mandala art, cognitive analysis, and inner dialogue. After this, the client arrives at step nine, the s ymbolic identification or psychodrama with which the Psychosynthesis School is concerned. ‘Clients are instructed to take one step forward and enter the image; to become the image physically; and to allow movements or gestures to occur or postures that might help them connect, identify with, and become the image completely†¦ Symbolic identification can lead to more expressive uses of the body, to new sensations, and to the development of empathy and compassion.’[13] Ideally, after the experience is complete, the client will integrate the experience in their homework, attain closure, and share the experience with someone close to them. Brown had great success with this method because the session was infused with a meaning that is specific to the client, as opposed to categorizing him or her as an obsessive-compulsive, depressive, etc. and drugging the client accordingly. Crises of Meaning Perhaps there was less mental confusion in the past because the ancients had rites governing each stage of life and people were more aware of what they were supposed to do. Today, there are so many choices and very few cultural traditions for the life cycle, especially in industrialised Western nations. This is where we observe the common crises at birth, adolescence and mid-life. When the individual is born, he leaves a warm environment where his every wish is granted to a place where he is cold, hungry, and separate.[14] The infant is distressed because it intuitively knows that separation is dangerous, and even the most attentive parents cannot provide the security the child is missing from the womb environment. As the infant grows, the psychological structures such as the Superego and Ego begin to gain strength, and this is where a child learns how romantic relationships work by observing the parental imagos. When relations between the parents (as well as the parent-child relatio nship) are dysfunctional, the child often grows up to project these issues onto a romantic partner. In ancient society, the onset of puberty signalled to the group that there was a new full participant in the social order. There was a ceremony where the individual would shed his status as a child and be welcomed into the group as an adult. There is no such phenomenon today because childhood is legally extended years past biological maturity, which would make the final transition to adulthood more difficult. At this point, the individual becomes emotionally separated from childhood and parents to embrace a new identity independent of childhood structures†¦this is a time of self-definition. In the mid-life crisis, the individual comes to face his own mortality and experiences the mental/personality separation. This is the time when people are most likely to seek therapy to resolve past issues as many are afflicted with severe depression out of a feeling of wasting their life and looking toward a future where death looms larger than safety. In sum, psychosynthesis proposes to unite the various and sundry portions of ourselves in order that we may be better equipped to confront the crises that will ultimately affect everyone. Bibliography Brown, Michael. ‘A Psychosynthesis Twelve Step Program for Transforming Consciousness: Creative Explorations of Inner Space, Counselling and Values, Vol. 45, No. 2, (2001), pp. 103-17 Brown, Molly Young. Unfolding Self: The Practice of Psychosynthesis, New York: Allworth Press, 2004 Evans, Joan. Institute of Psychosynthesis Manual. (1990) Firman, John Ann Gila. The Primal Wound: A Transpersonal View of Trauma, Addiction, and Growth, New York: SUNY Press, 1997 Grof, Stanislav. Beyond the Brain: Birth, Death, and Transcendence in Psychotherapy. New York: SUNY Press, 1985 Whitmore, Diana. Psychosynthesis Counselling in Action. London: SAGE Publications, 2004 Footnotes [1] John Firman Ann Gila. The Primal Wound: A Transpersonal View of Trauma, Addiction, and Growth, (New York: SUNY Press, 1997) 89 [2] Firman and Gila, 90 [3] Joan Evans. Institute of Psychosynthesis Manual, 1990, 64 [4]Evans, 65 [5] Molly Young Brown. Unfolding Self: The Practice of Psychosynthesis, (New York: Allworth Press, 2004) 10 [6] Evans, 65 [7] Diana Whitmore. Psychosynthesis Counselling in Action. (London: SAGE Publications, 2004) 93 [8] Ibid. [9]Michael Brown. ‘A Psychosynthesis Twelve Step Program for Transforming Consciousness: Creative Explorations of Inner Space, Counselling and Values, Vol. 45, No. 2, (2001) 103 [10] Stanislav Grof. Beyond the Brain: Birth, Death, and Transcendence in Psychotherapy. (New York: SUNY Press, 1985) 193 [11] Michael Brown. ‘A Psychosynthesis Twelve Step Program for Transforming Consciousness: Creative Explorations of Inner Space, Counselling and Values, Vol. 45, No. 2, (2001) 113 [12] Brown, 114 [13] Brown, 115 [14] Evans, 210

Alcoholics Anonymous Support Group Report Essay

Group therapy has evolved so much that the participant are learning how to help themselves and others. Self-help groups are one of the most popular forms of group therapy. One of the most known self-help groups is Alcoholics Anonymous also known as A.A. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is an international organization produced to assist alcoholics to recover and live alcohol free lives. It was founded by Bill Wilson and Robert Holbrook Smith in 1935. It is a program, complete with twelve steps and twelve traditions, that was put together to help addicts recover from their addictions and inspire them to remain sober. Robert Holbrook Smith was a doctor who struggled with an alcohol problem since his teens. He tried unsuccessfully for many years to overcome his addiction. His alcoholism had impacted his personal life and profession in a negative manner. He could not function properly without alcohol. In quest of finding help, he found in Bill Wilson. Bill Wilson was a part of the Akron Oxford Group that Smith joined in efforts to sober up. Bill Wilson saw how detrimental alcoholism affected his life and spoke to other alcoholics to try to help them. He helped Smith to completely abstain from alcohol and dedicated his life to assist alcoholics to remain their sobriety. The main idea to their approach was to recognize alcoholism as a disease and to realize that recovery could be maintained through working with others who were experiencing the same problem, alcoholism. I attended an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting called A New Day. This group was held in a shopping center where two sports bars are located. I thought that the location was not an ideal place to have an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting. There were about twenty-five people at each meeting that I attended. They were all very approachable and welcoming to me as an observer and everyone was very open about their situation and dependence on alcohol. Overall, the participants were of all ages, ethnicities, and there was an even amount of  men and women. I noticed that the participants did not look like what I perceived someone who was suffering from alcohol dependence would look like. They looked like productive law-abiding citizens. I am embarrassed to say that it never occurred to me that these individuals could live positive lives while battling alcoholism. I assumed that they would be dysfunctional and incapable to participate in the meeting. Instead many of them looked healthy and were eager to engage in the group discussion. We began the meeting by introducing those who are new to AA or those who were visiting from a different group. If a person did not want to introduce themselves, they were not made to do so. The meetings were very calm and were conducted in an orderly fashion. In a support group, the leader should create a safe environment where members can share (Jacobs et al., 2012 p. 43). I felt very comfortable being there and even though I was there as an observer, the group leader always encouraged me to ask questions or comments. Regardless of the topics that were discussed, no one was judgmental. I believe the positive energy I felt while in the group was because everyone truly cared about each other’s sobriety. There was one occasion in the group that I felt changed the momentum of the group because of a conflict. The group leader asked if there was someone who had a â€Å"burning desire† that they needed to talk about. A burning desire is an issue that a person is going through that may cause them to drink. It was a young man by the name of Jason who was been sober for about sixty days. He expressed how he was experiencing some trouble at work and at home. He rece ived his quarterly evaluation from his supervisor and he thought that he was evaluated unfairly. When he brought this issue to his supervisor, his supervisor started to curse at him. Then when he went home, he found out that his wife was secretly spending their savings on gambling. While he was sharing, another man interrupted him by saying, â€Å"let’s talk about something other than this crap!† Jason was very offended but before he could respond the group leader stepped in. Conflict will arise sometimes in group sessions, Forsyth states, it â€Å"seems to be an unavoidable consequence of life in groups† (Forsyth, 2014, p. 435). Our texts, workbook, and DVD all points out that as leaders, we do not have to be afraid of conflict and dealing with it. The group leader did an excellent job in dealing with the rude participate by encouraging Jason to continue his burning desire. The stage  that I believe the group was in was the working stage. The middle, or working, stage is the stage of the group when the members focus on the purpose (Jacobs et. al., 2012). Throughout the meeting, group members discussed different topics and shared their personal experiences. They also realized why they were there and did not stray from the topic. Even thou gh there were newcomers in the group, it was easy for them to participate because they could relate to what was being said by other members of the group. The natural leader of the group was a woman by the name of Beverly. Beverly has been sober for thirty years as of September 5, 2014. She is a teacher by trade and she continues to attend meetings. During the meeting, she reflected on her journey on staying sober. She came from a family of alcoholics. Alcohol has caused a strain on her relationship with her son and she feels that her being an alcoholic added undue stress to his life. She said something that I thought was profound during her testimonial. She stated that in order for her to stay sober, she had to look for the lesson that God was trying to teach her. Instead of complaining about life’s sad state of affairs, learn what need to be learned, change what needs to be changed, and move on. What I learned from her testimonial was to view failure as an opportunity to reassess God’s will for your life. I do believe that Alcoholics Anonymous meetings are effective ways to treat alcohol. Alcoholism is not something tha t can be treated alone. It is important to maintain physical, mental, and spiritual health while achieving sobriety. In each testimony given, everyone had a different way they initially made their approach to get better. Those who attend AA meeting realize that they have lost the capability to control their drinking. Because of this, they need the help and support of other alcoholics in A.A. References Corey, G., Corey, M. S., & Haynes, R. (2014). Groups in action: Evolution and challenges (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. Forsyth, D. (2014). Group dynamics (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing. Jacobs, E. E., Masson, R. L., Harvill, R. L., & Schimmel, C. J. (2012). Group counseling: Strategies and skills (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.

Franchising Opportunities in McDonald

Operating since 1955, McDonalds is world’s leading food service retailer with approximately 30,000 outlets in 119 countries serving roughly 46 million customers per day. McDonalds holds a large share in the globally branded fast food restaurants practically in every country and is one of the most famous and valuable brands. Since the very beginning, McDonald has always been a franchising company with franchising as its business focus. Moreover, since it is a well established brand franchising with it will ensure business security. The company poses attractive franchising opportunities as it is spread globally franchisees can literally choose the city of their choice. The franchisee will be assured that the brand is strong and business would be steady as the brand knows how to survive through generations despite the cutthroat competition. There are advantages for the franchisee as working with a giant is lucrative and adds to personal business knowledge. McDonald takes personal interest and supports the business whether local or international especially in areas of training, operations,   advertising, marketing, human resources, real estate, construction, purchasing and maintenance. This would enable maintenance of standards and be a big support to the franchisee for running the business. The franchising process is quite flexible and attainable. A new McDonald restaurant varies from $466,000 -955,500 USD. Of course the size of the facility of the restaurant, area and locality, expenses of pre-opening, the inventory, equipment, signage, dà ©cor and the landscaping will impact the cost. An initial fee of $45,000 USD is paid to McDonald's Corporation for all new restaurants. The initial cash investment is $175,000 minimum for a conventional purchase or $100,000 for a Business Facilities Lease. However the company doesn’t offer financing to franchisees and the initial fee capital should be your own and not borrowed. This means that the franchisee has to have a solid initial capital of its own. McDonald itself will develop the location and will evaluate and select it. It acquires the property, improves the site and undertakes the construction. It is the responsibility of the franchisee to equip the facility. Once the sites are developed they are offered to prospective franchisees. This ensures that the business is set in the right place and will be lucrative and at the same time standards will be maintained. The profitably defers due to reasons like sales location of the restaurant, occupancy and the cost of operating and the individual ability of the franchisee to manage and control. 4% of monthly sales are given as royalty to the company which could at times be heavy for the franchisee. The prospects look good but from the point of view of the franchisee they may not be so. Firstly, McDonald being a world renowned firm has its exceptionally high standards of quality and services which have to be met by world standards. There is tough competition between outlets in terms of promotions and services which the franchisee has to keep up. Also, there is a heavy down payment and a royalty from monthly sales. The franchisee may not be able to open the franchise in the location of his choice. Lastly, obtaining a franchise may be difficult as there is a long wait in line. Nevertheless, because of the steady flow of business and prospective relations with a world renowned brand, franchisees choose McDonalds evident by their ever growing franchises globally. Reference [Online] Available at: http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/franchise/franchisinghome.html/

The Heart, Mind And Soul, By Kurt Vonnegut - 952 Words

Equality; the most sought after desire in society. Each person has the felt the disease of envy for another’s talent, wisdom, or beauty. The heart, mind and soul are never replicated between two humans. This places one’s envy as a never ending cycle. Kurt Vonnegut’s story, Harrison Bergeron, focuses on the theme that society and government aspire to make all citizens equal by restricting them and making all handicapped for the purpose of obedience only to inadvertently achieve inequality. The short story is set in the year of 2081 when society has achieved ultimate equality. The characters George and Hazel are introduced in the beginning of the story sitting in their living room and watching television. They have just experienced a traumatic event as their son, Harrison Bergeron, was taken from them by government officials. In this time period the government has taken it upon itself to establish equality among society. They have done this by requiring all citize ns to acquire handicaps to anyone with a higher intelligence than another. George Bergeron has a higher intelligence level than his wife, Hazel, therefore is handicapped by having a small ear piece placed in his ear to play obnoxious and distracting sounds that scatter his thoughts every twenty seconds. In addition to this handicap George is also required to carry extra weight with him in a bag tied around his neck. Although Harrison was taken only minutes before, his parents have already forgotten about him. TheyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Kurt Vonnegut s Harrison Bergeron 953 Words   |  4 PagesEquality. The most sought after desire in society. Each person has the felt the disease of envy for another’s talent, wisdom, or beauty. The heart, mind and soul are never replicated between two humans. This places one’s envy as a never ending cycle. 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About, my brain.—Hum, I have heard that guilty creatures sitting at a play have, by the very cunning of the scene, been struck so to the soul that presently they have proclaimed their malefactions. For murder, though it have no tongue, will speak with most miraculousRead MoreAlice Malsenior6001 Words   |  25 PagesHonoring the Difficult and a collection of political essays named Anything We Love Can Be Saved: a Writer’s Activism. Within three years she has written a further three books, By the Light of My Father’s Smile in 1998, The Way Forward is with a Broken Heart in 2000 and A Long Walk of Freedom in 2001. In light of the tragedy at the World Trade Centre in New York City, she wrote her most recent work: Sent by Earth: A Message from the Grandmother Spirit After the Bombing of the World Trade Center and the